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Stoke City Football Club was formed in 1863 under the name of "Stoke Ramblers" by former pupils of Charterhouse School whilst they were apprentices at the North Staffordshire Railway. The club dropped the Ramblers from their name and in 1888 they were founding members of the Football League. In 1928, the club's name was changed for the final time to Stoke City Football Club when Stoke-on-Trent was granted city status. The club moved in 1997 to the Britannia Stadium, a 28,383 all-seater stadium; having spent 119 years at the Victoria Ground. In the 2007–08 season, Stoke won promotion from the Football League Championship, the second tier of English football, and as of 2008–09 are playing in the top flight (currently Premier League) for the first time since the 1984–85 season, when they were relegated with a total of 17 points, a record low unsurpassed for 21 years. Stoke's only major trophy was the 1972 Football League Cup, won when they beat Chelsea 2–1 in the final at Wembley Stadium before a crowd of 97,852. The club have also won the Football League Trophy twice, in 1992 and 2000. In terms of league achievement the closest Stoke have come to winning the title was in the 1946–47 season where a final day defeat cost Stoke top spot. == 1863–1930: Early years == It is claimed that Stoke Ramblers was formed in 1863 when former pupils of Charterhouse School formed a football club while apprentices at the North Staffordshire Railway works in Stoke-on-Trent.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=1863–1888 in the Beginning )〕 However, Stoke Ramblers' first documented match was five years later, on 17 October 1868, at the club's original home, the Victoria Cricket Club ground and any earlier history is based on supposition. Played against an E.W. May XV club, the 15-a-side match ended in a 1–1 draw.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Stoke City )〕 In the game, the club's first goal was scored by Henry Almond, Stoke's founder and captain. Stoke played four further fixtures in 1868, recording their first victory with a 2–0 win against Newcastle-under-Lyme. In 1875, to cope with rising attendances, the club switched to a ground at Sweetings Field, not far from the Victoria Cricket Ground.〔 At this time, the only fixtures were friendly matches; this changed in 1877 when the Staffordshire Football Association was formed and created a new competition, the County Cup, which Stoke won in the inaugural season, beating Talke Rangers 1–0 in the final. In an earlier round, Stoke had recorded what is still the club's record victory, a 26–0 triumph over Mow Cop. Stoke retained the County Cup in the following season with a 2–1 win over Cobridge and established themselves as the largest club in the area.〔 In 1878, the club merged with Stoke Victoria Athletic Club〔 and became known as Stoke Football Club. They moved from Sweetings Field to the Athletic Club ground, which soon became known as the Victoria Ground.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Stoke City Football Club )〕 It was around this time that the club adopted their red and white striped kit.〔 Stoke entered the newly formed Birmingham Association Cup in 1881, although they were beaten 8–0 by Aston Villa in the first round. In the 1882–1883 season, Stoke reached the final of the Staffordshire Senior Cup but were beaten 3–2 by West Bromwich Albion. The club decided to enter the FA Cup for the first time in the 1883–84 season;〔 the competition itself had been founded 12 years earlier.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History of the FA Cup )〕 The threat of a rival football association, the British FA, forced the Football Association to legalise professionalism in 1885;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Association of Football Statisticians )〕 Stoke subsequently turned professional in August of that year. The club were defeated again in the FA Cup in 1885–86 after a replay defeat to Crewe Alexandra. The club's first victory in the competition came in the 1886–87 season with a 10–0 win over Caernarfon Wanderers at the Victoria Ground.〔 Stoke became one of the twelve founding members of the Football League in 1888. Stoke's manager, Harry Lockett, represented the club at a meeting in London, where the league's formation was discussed. Lockett played an instrumental role in its inception and became the league's first secretary; however he resigned from his role of manager in August 1890, in order to concentrate on his league responsibilities. Stoke struggled in their first two seasons in the league, 1888–89 and 1889–90, finishing in last place on both occasions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=England 1888–89 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=England 1889–90 )〕 The club failed to secure re-election to the league at the end of its second season, instead being replaced by Sunderland. As a consequence, Stoke started 1890–91 in the Football Alliance; they finished the season as champions. The Football League was expanded to include fourteen clubs in 1891–92, which ensured Stoke were re-elected to the league, where they remained for the rest of the decade.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=1888–1900 Election Fever )〕 In 1897, Stoke appointed Horace Austerberry, who in 1899 became the first manager to lead the club to the semi-final of the FA Cup.〔 Stoke suffered financial problems around 1900, which ultimately led to the loss of the club's Football League status in 1908.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=1900–1910 Win Or Bust )〕 "Historical Football Kits" says that, "In 1908, having finished in mid-table, Stoke went into liquidation and resigned from the League. Ironically this galvanised local businessmen, the clergy (the Victoria Ground was owned by the Church of England) and supporters to form a new limited company and purchase the old club's assets." The club moved to the Birmingham & District League after its demotion. In 1909, the club opted to field two teams, one in the Birmingham & District League and the other in the Southern League (West Division); Stoke won the latter in their first year in the competition.〔 Stoke continued to participate in both leagues until 1915, when their application for election back into the Football League was approved. However, the outbreak of the First World War meant the league was suspended for four years; it recommenced in August 1919. During this time, Stoke entered the Lancashire Primary and Secondary leagues.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=1910–1920 Rebirth )〕 The club became owners of the Victoria Ground in 1919.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=1920–1930 The Fall And Rise )〕 The Butler Street stand was constructed shortly afterward, increasing the overall capacity of the ground to 50,000.〔 Following the restart of the Football League, Stoke achieved promotion from the Second Division in the 1921–22 season under the stewardship of Arthur Shallcross, although this was followed by relegation in the 1922–23 season. Unable to prevent the club's bad form, Shallcross resigned in March 1923. Tom Mather was appointed manager later in 1923, although Stoke were unable to mount another promotion challenge. They were instead relegated from the Second Division four years later in the 1925–26 season. The club's stay in Third Division North was brief, as Stoke won the championship during their first season in that league.〔 In 1925, Stoke-on-Trent was granted city status, and this led the club to change its name to Stoke City Football Club in 1928. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Stoke City F.C.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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